1 Global Human Vaccines Market Insight Analysis
The global human vaccines market is valued at USD 50,951 million in 2024, with a CAGR of approximately 3.77% from 2024 to 2033.
Human vaccines are biological preparations designed to provide immunity against infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. They work by stimulating the body’s immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens, thereby preventing or reducing the severity of the disease. Vaccines are a cornerstone of modern public health and have significantly reduced the incidence of many deadly and debilitating diseases worldwide.
Figure Global Human Vaccines Market Size (M USD) and CAGR (2024-2033)
2 Human Vaccines Market Growth Drivers and Restraints
The prevalence of various diseases has led to a continuous increase in demand for vaccines. Take influenza as an example. Every year in the United States, influenza causes a large number of people to become ill, hospitalized, and even die. People of all ages are at risk, especially the elderly and those with chronic diseases. The widespread impact of this disease has led to a continuous increase in demand for influenza vaccines and other types of vaccines, which has strongly promoted the growth of the vaccine market.
The global population is aging significantly, and the number and proportion of the elderly population are increasing. By 2050, one-sixth of the world’s population will be over 65 years old, and this proportion will be even higher in some regions. Many diseases are related to aging. Under the influence of the new crown epidemic, people’s awareness of disease prevention and control has increased, and the demand for vaccines has also increased, further promoting the development of the human vaccine market.
The emergence of new technologies and the continuous innovation of major industry players have brought new opportunities to the market. mRNA technology has the advantages of high gene delivery efficiency, short R&D cycle, high safety and low production cost. With the promotion of the new crown vaccine, this technology platform has made major breakthroughs. In addition, new vaccine technologies such as VLP have also attracted attention for their unique advantages, which are expected to bring new development directions to vaccine research and development and promote market growth.
The human vaccine industry is strictly regulated. For example, in the United States, vaccines are strictly regulated by the FDA as biological products, and there are many relevant regulations. Although strict supervision ensures the safety of vaccines, it also increases the R&D, production and operation costs of enterprises, prolongs the vaccine’s listing cycle, and imposes certain restrictions on the rapid development of the market.
The safety of vaccines has always been a concern. Some vaccines have been recalled or controversial with health issues, such as the controversy over the association between MMR vaccines and autism. Although subsequent studies have shown that some of the disputes lack basis, this negative information still have an impact on public perception, causing some people to have doubts about vaccination, which in turn affects the vaccination rate and hinders the development of the market.
3 Technological Innovations in the Human Vaccines Market
mRNA technology has made significant progress in the field of human vaccines. Compared with traditional gene drugs, it has many advantages, such as high gene delivery efficiency, the ability to target almost any gene target and high expression efficiency; short R&D cycle, rapid development and verification; high safety, not easy to integrate into the genome, low genetic risk; low production cost, relatively simple production process, and high production efficiency per unit volume. In the development of the new crown vaccine, mRNA technology has played an important role, promoting the rapid listing of related vaccines, and also providing a new technical path for the development of other vaccines in the future.
Virus-like particle (VLP) technology has attracted attention for its unique structure and characteristics. VLP has a virus-like external structure and is expected to induce high immunogenicity. Because it does not contain genetic material, it will not proliferate in the body and has good safety. In addition, plant-derived VLP manufacturing technology is expected to achieve large-scale production in a short period of time, providing new possibilities for vaccine production and promoting technological innovation and development in the industry.
Some companies expand their production capacity through mergers and acquisitions. For example, in 2021, the US government provided Biological E. Limited with $50 million in financing to expand its COVID-19 vaccine production facilities in India to meet the market’s huge demand for vaccines, enhance the company’s competitiveness in vaccine production, and help ease global vaccine supply pressure.
Companies acquire new technologies through mergers and acquisitions to accelerate research and development. In 2021, Sanofi acquired Translate Bio to advance the application of mRNA technology in vaccines and treatments; Seqirus invested in the next-generation influenza vaccine technology sa-mRNA, and accelerated the development of related vaccines by establishing special projects and appointing senior leaders, enhancing the company’s technological advantages and product competitiveness in the influenza vaccine market.
Cooperation and mergers and acquisitions between companies help optimize market layout. Merck acquired Themis to expand its business in infectious disease and cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory therapies; Sanofi and GSK cooperated to develop COVID-19 vaccines, integrating the technological advantages of both parties, jointly participating in market competition, and enhancing their influence in the global vaccine market.
4 Global Human Vaccines Market Size by Type
Pneumococcal vaccines are designed to protect against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium responsible for pneumonia, meningitis, and other severe conditions. In 2024, pneumococcal vaccines are projected to account for sales of 383.2 million doses, representing 5.19% of the total market share. These vaccines are particularly important for vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, who are more susceptible to pneumococcal diseases. The market growth for pneumococcal vaccines is driven by increasing awareness of preventive healthcare and the high incidence of pneumonia, especially in developing countries.
Influenza vaccines are essential tools in combating seasonal flu, a significant public health concern that peaks during the winter months. In 2024, the market is expected to see sales of 673.1 million doses, capturing 9.12% of the total market share. The demand for influenza vaccines is cyclical, with increased uptake during flu seasons. The development of more effective vaccines and the expansion of vaccination programs, particularly in high-risk populations, are key drivers for this segment. Additionally, the ongoing threat of influenza pandemics underscores the importance of annual vaccination campaigns.
Hepatitis vaccines protect against viral hepatitis, particularly Hepatitis B and Hepatitis A, which can lead to severe liver diseases. In 2024, hepatitis vaccines are projected to account for 315.5 million doses sold, representing 4.27% of the total market share. These vaccines are widely used in both pediatric and adult immunization programs, driven by the high prevalence of hepatitis infections and the increasing focus on liver health. The market for hepatitis vaccines is also supported by global efforts to eliminate hepatitis B and C as public health threats by 2030.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are crucial in preventing HPV infections, which are a leading cause of cervical cancer and other cancers. In 2024, HPV vaccines are expected to account for sales of 104.0 million doses, representing 1.41% of the total market share. The market for HPV vaccines is growing due to increased awareness of cervical cancer prevention and the expansion of vaccination programs targeting young adolescents. The introduction of newer, more effective HPV vaccines is also driving market growth.
Meningococcal vaccines protect against meningococcal meningitis, a severe bacterial infection that can lead to brain damage and death. In 2024, the market is projected to see sales of 255.3 million doses, capturing 3.46% of the total market share. These vaccines are particularly important for adolescents and young adults, who are at higher risk of contracting the disease. The market for meningococcal vaccines is driven by the need to prevent outbreaks and the increasing adoption of vaccination programs in schools and healthcare settings.
Rotavirus vaccines are essential in protecting against rotavirus infections, a leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children. In 2024, rotavirus vaccines are expected to account for sales of 253.4 million doses, representing 3.43% of the total market share. These vaccines are widely used in pediatric immunization programs and are crucial in reducing child mortality rates. The market for rotavirus vaccines is driven by the high incidence of rotavirus infections and the increasing focus on child health, particularly in developing countries.
Measles vaccines are a cornerstone of global immunization programs, protecting against measles, a highly contagious viral disease. In 2024, measles vaccines are projected to account for sales of 909.7 million doses, representing 12.32% of the total market share. The market for measles vaccines is driven by ongoing vaccination campaigns and the need to maintain high immunization coverage to prevent outbreaks. The global effort to eliminate measles through widespread vaccination continues to be a key driver for this segment.
Typhoid vaccines protect against typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. In 2024, typhoid vaccines are expected to account for sales of 56.5 million doses, representing 0.76% of the total market share. These vaccines are particularly important in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. The market for typhoid vaccines is driven by the need to prevent outbreaks and the increasing focus on public health in developing countries.
Combination vaccines protect against multiple diseases in a single injection, making them convenient and efficient. In 2024, combination vaccines are projected to account for sales of 450.9 million doses, representing 6.11% of the total market share. These vaccines are widely used in pediatric immunization programs and are essential in reducing the number of injections required for full immunization. The market for combination vaccines is driven by the increasing demand for convenient and comprehensive vaccination options.
COVID-19 vaccines were developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and have played a crucial role in controlling the spread of the virus. In 2024, COVID-19 vaccines are expected to account for sales of 271.1 million doses, representing 3.67% of the total market share. These vaccines are based on various technologies, including mRNA, viral vectors, and inactivated viruses. The market for COVID-19 vaccines is driven by the ongoing pandemic and the need for widespread vaccination to achieve herd immunity.
Table Global Human Vaccines Market Size and Share by Type in 2024
Type | Sales (Million doses) 2024 | Market Share 2024 |
|---|---|---|
Pneumococcal | 383.2 | 5.19% |
Influenza | 673.1 | 9.12% |
Hepatitis | 315.5 | 4.27% |
HPV | 104.0 | 1.41% |
Meningococcal | 255.3 | 3.46% |
Rotavirus | 253.4 | 3.43% |
Measles | 909.7 | 12.32% |
Typhoid | 56.5 | 0.76% |
Combination | 450.9 | 6.11% |
COVID-19 | 271.1 | 3.67% |
Others | 3708.4 | 50.24% |
5 Global Human Vaccines Market Size by Application
Adult Vaccines are a major segment in the global human vaccines market. In 2024, the sales of adult vaccines are estimated to reach approximately 4889.0 million doses. This accounts for a market share of around 66.24%. The high sales volume and significant market share can be attributed to several factors. With the aging of the global population, the demand for vaccines among adults has been on the rise. Adults are more susceptible to various diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, and pneumococcal infections.
For example, influenza can cause severe illness and complications in adults, especially those with underlying health conditions. As a result, the demand for adult influenza vaccines remains stable. Additionally, the awareness of preventive healthcare among adults has increased, leading to a higher acceptance of vaccines.
Pediatric Vaccines are also crucial in the market. In 2024, the sales of pediatric vaccines are projected to be about 2087.4 million doses, with a market share of around 28.28%. Pediatric vaccines play a vital role in protecting children from infectious diseases. Vaccines against measles, rotavirus, and hepatitis are widely used in pediatric healthcare.
The World Health Organization and other health organizations have been promoting routine childhood immunization programs globally. These programs aim to reduce the incidence of childhood diseases and improve overall child health. In many countries, government initiatives and public health campaigns have contributed to the high demand for pediatric vaccines. For instance, in some developing countries, the expansion of immunization coverage has led to an increase in the sales of pediatric vaccines.
Table Global Human Vaccines Market Size and Share by Application in 2024
Application | Sales (Million doses) 2024 | Market Share 2024 |
|---|---|---|
Adult Vaccines | 4889.0 | 66.24% |
Pediatric Vaccines | 2087.4 | 28.28% |
Others | 404.8 | 5.48% |
6 Global Human Vaccines Market Size by Region
North America is a significant region in the global human vaccines market. In 2024, the sales volume in North America is estimated to be around 628.3 million doses, with a market share of approximately 8.51%. The United States, as the largest market in North America, has a well – developed healthcare system and a high demand for vaccines. The region has a strong focus on research and development, with many leading pharmaceutical companies based there.
For example, Pfizer, one of the major players in the global vaccine market, is based in the United States. The high – income levels and strong healthcare infrastructure in North America enable easy access to vaccines, contributing to the relatively high sales volume. However, the market also faces challenges such as intense competition among vaccine manufacturers and the high cost of healthcare, which can impact the affordability of vaccines for some consumers.
Europe is another important region in the global human vaccines market. In 2024, the sales volume in Europe is expected to be about 630.7 million doses, accounting for a market share of around 8.54%. European countries have a long – standing tradition of investing in healthcare and vaccination programs. Germany, the UK, and France are among the major markets in Europe.
These countries have well – regulated healthcare systems and high vaccination rates. For example, in the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) plays a crucial role in providing vaccines to the population. However, the European market has also been affected by factors such as the economic impact of the COVID – 19 pandemic, which has led to budget constraints in some countries, potentially affecting the procurement and distribution of vaccines.
The Asia – Pacific region is the largest market in terms of sales volume in the global human vaccines market. In 2024, the sales volume in Asia – Pacific is projected to be around 3399.8 million doses, with a market share of approximately 46.06%. China and India are the two major contributors in this region. China has a large population, and the government has been actively promoting vaccination programs to improve public health. The domestic vaccine industry in China has been growing rapidly, with companies like Sinovac making significant contributions.
India, on the other hand, is a major vaccine – producing country, with the Serum Institute of India being one of the largest vaccine manufacturers globally. The increasing awareness of healthcare, growing disposable income, and government initiatives in the Asia – Pacific region are driving the growth of the vaccine market. However, there are still challenges in some parts of the region, such as uneven distribution of vaccines in rural areas and the need to improve cold chain infrastructure for vaccine storage and transportation.
South America also has a notable presence in the global human vaccines market. In 2024, the sales volume in South America is estimated to be around 538.7 million doses, with a market share of about 7.30%. Brazil is the largest market in South America. The region has been making efforts to improve vaccination coverage, especially in areas with a high burden of infectious diseases. However, economic instability in some South American countries can pose challenges to the vaccine market. For example, currency fluctuations and budget constraints can affect the affordability and availability of vaccines.
The Middle East & Africa region has been gradually growing in the global human vaccines market. In 2024, the sales volume in this region is expected to be around 2183.7 million doses, accounting for a market share of around 29.58%. Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, and Nigeria are important markets in the region. The governments in the Middle East & Africa have been investing in healthcare and vaccination programs to improve public health. For example, some countries in the region have launched large – scale vaccination campaigns against diseases like COVID – 19. However, the region also faces challenges such as a lack of proper healthcare infrastructure in some areas and the need to address vaccine hesitancy among certain populations.
Figure Global Human Vaccines Sales (Million doses) by Region in 2024
7 Global Human Vaccines Market Analysis by Major Players
7.1 Pfizer
Company Introduction and Business Overview:
Pfizer Inc. is a leading global pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered in New York City, USA. Founded in 1849, Pfizer has a long history of innovation in healthcare, with a focus on developing and manufacturing medicines and vaccines across various therapeutic areas, including immunology, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology.
Pfizer’s business is characterized by its extensive R&D capabilities, a diverse product portfolio, and a global presence. The company is known for its significant contributions to the eradication of polio and smallpox and has been at the forefront of developing novel vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccine in collaboration with BioNTech. Pfizer’s manufacturing facilities are located in key regions such as the United States, Belgium, and Japan, ensuring a robust supply chain.
Products:
Pfizer’s vaccine portfolio includes a wide range of products targeting major infectious diseases. Key vaccines include Prevnar 13 (pneumococcal vaccine), Gardasil 9 (HPV vaccine), and the COVID-19 vaccine (Comirnaty). These vaccines have significantly impacted global health by reducing the incidence of serious infections and improving vaccination coverage.
Market Performance in 2022:
In 2022, Pfizer reported total vaccine revenues of $8,362 million USD, with a gross margin of $7,856 million USD.
7.2 Sinovac
Company Introduction and Business Overview:
Sinovac Biotech Ltd. is a China-based biopharmaceutical company specializing in the research, development, manufacturing, and commercialization of vaccines. Founded in 1999, Sinovac is known for its innovative approach to vaccine development, particularly in the area of inactivated vaccines. The company has a global presence, with manufacturing facilities in China and distribution networks in multiple countries.
Sinovac’s business is centered around its commitment to developing vaccines that address significant public health needs. The company has a strong focus on emerging infectious diseases and has played a crucial role in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic with its inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac. Sinovac’s manufacturing capabilities and regulatory approvals have positioned it as a key player in the global vaccines market.
Products:
Sinovac’s product portfolio includes vaccines for a variety of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis A and B, influenza, and COVID-19. The company’s inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, has been widely used in China and other countries, contributing significantly to global vaccination efforts. Sinovac’s pipeline also includes vaccines for other emerging diseases, showcasing its commitment to innovation.
Market Performance in 2022:
In 2022, Sinovac reported total vaccine revenues of $4,369 million USD, with a gross margin of $2,824 million USD.
7.3 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
Company Introduction and Business Overview:
GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in London, UK. Established in 2000 through the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, GSK is a global leader in healthcare, with a diverse portfolio of products across pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and consumer healthcare. GSK’s commitment to R&D and innovation has positioned it as a key player in the vaccines market.
GSK’s business is characterized by its strong R&D capabilities, a broad product portfolio, and a global presence. The company focuses on developing vaccines for major infectious diseases, with a particular emphasis on pediatric and adult immunization. GSK’s manufacturing facilities are located in key regions such as Belgium, Germany, and Singapore, ensuring a robust supply chain and distribution network.
Products:
GSK’s vaccine portfolio includes a wide range of products targeting major infectious diseases. Key vaccines include Infanrix (DTPa), Bexsero (meningococcal vaccine), and Shingrix (shingles vaccine). GSK’s vaccines have significantly impacted global health by reducing the incidence of serious infections and improving vaccination coverage.
Market Performance in 2022:
In 2022, GSK reported total vaccine revenues of $9,529 million USD, with a gross margin of $8,825 million USD.